Macro Minerals Animal Nutrition

1. Organic Trace Minerals For Improving Livestock Production
2. Function And Deficiency Indicators For Important Minerals In Animal Nutrition
1. Animal Feed Organic Trace Minerals Market Size Report, 2030
2. Macro & Micro Nutrition In Dairy Animals
3. Maajee Animal Nutrition Feed Supplement Minerals Mixture
4. Concept Of Chelated Minerals In Animal Nutrition

Minerals are inorganic elements found in small amounts in all body tissues and fluids but not all elements are minerals e.g. (C, H, O, N).About 3% of the animal body consists of minerals.Acid soluble fraction of the total ash is the mineral.The importance of minerals to the health and well-being of animals has been recognized for centuries, although individual mineral involvement was unknown. Common salt was recognized in Biblical times as a value substance which was sought readily for consumption by both humans and animals. However, until the late 1800’s or early 1900’s that significant progress began to occur in identifying minerals essential for animal life.Fortunately, several long-continued critical mineral feeding experiments with dairy cows have been performed in last 15 years. They have focused on the elements Ca and P mainly that make up larger portion of the mineral composition of cow and cow’s milk.

Apart from energy and protein, minerals play an important role in the metabolic functions of livestock and poultry. These functions support growth, development, production, immune function and reproductive performance. They are also essential for the support of several enzymatic systems. A borderline deficiency of a mineral needs to be supplemented to support the homeostatic state of the animal during all phases of life. Bioavailability plays an essential role in mineral significance. Bioavailability refers to the ability of a specific mineral source to supply the mineral for the body function. Certain mineral sources like mineral salts preferred over others due to the increased bioavailability, even though the total mineral content may below.

It helps in muscle contraction, myocardial and neuromuscular excitability, activation of various enzymes like lipase, succinic dehydrogenase, adenosine triphosphatase and secretion of several hormones.Ca: P in bones and teeth is (2:1), so required for growing, pregnant, milch animals.

Organic Trace Minerals For Improving Livestock Production

It occurs as phosphoprotein, nucleoprotein, phospholipids, phosphocreatine and hexose phosphate and help in the energy metabolism of sugar like ADP and ATP.

It is essential for bones and teeth, the activator of several enzymes transferring phosphate from ADP to ATP, Cofactor for decarboxylation peptidases, alkaline and acid phosphatases.

They all maintain osmotic pressure and acid-base balance to regulate the passage of nutrients through cell walls and help in water metabolism. The ration of herbivores is always supplemented with ‘Common salt’ at a rate of 1% of the concentrate mixture.

Himchelate R Animal Feed Supplement Powder, Packaging Type: Bag, Packaging Size: 20 Kg

It occurs in ICF, also plays a vital role in muscle contraction, nervous transmission. (K: Na in muscles = 6:1).  Na and K are interrelated in metabolism (K gets effux from the cells whereas Na gets influx inside the cells).

It is major anion found in ECF regulates pH and osmolarity by a mechanism called ’Chloride Shift and commonly found in skin, s/c tissue and gastric juice, help in digestion as salt.

It is present in amino acid (cysteine and methionine) and vitamins (thiamine and biotin); Glutathione and insulin and in the inorganic form in chondroitin sulphate of cartilage. Wool has 4% of Sulphur. N: S in ruminant diets should be approximately 10:1 to 15:1.

Function And Deficiency Indicators For Important Minerals In Animal Nutrition

It is constituent of blood pigments (Hb, myoglobin), enzymes (cytochrome C, peroxidase, catalase) and muscle protein. It occurs in blood serum as a protein called transferrin (siderophilin) helping in iron transport.

It helps in Hb formation along with Fe (1928 Hart his associates of USA), occurs as haemocuprein in blood cells.It is needed for osteoblastic activity, bone formation and healthy collagen, elastin formation.It isan integral part of many metalloenzymes like cytochrome C oxidase, Uri case, tyrosinase, lysyl oxidase, benzylamine oxidase, diamine oxidase, ascorbic acid oxidase, etc.It occurs in respiratory pigments as well as hair and feather pigments like Hemocyanin of marine organisms and Turacin (a feather pigment from the turaco bird). Milk is deficient in copper just like iron.

1/2 to 2/3 of total Iodine is found in the thyroid gland (0.1 % on DMB), helps to control BMR through the output of thyroxine hormone. Iodine in thyroid gland exists as inorganic iodide, mono diiodotyrosine, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, thyroglobulin.

Importance Of Minerals In Animal Feeding

It activates many enzymes- arginase, thiaminase, cystine desulfhydrase and involves in oxidative phosphorylation, synthesis of chondroitin sulphate of cartilages and bones, needed in glucosyltransferase activity for the formation of mucopolysaccharides and glycoproteins

It is present in many enzymes- Carbonic anhydrase in RBC, Alkaline phosphatase; also plays a role in keratinization and calcification. It is found in epidermal tissues- skin, hair wool and a little bit in bones, muscles, blood, and organs.

Toxicity Symptoms– F toxicity is called fluorosis (>1 ppm F in drinking water). Bones and teeth give yellow colour, exostosis from long jawbones, mottling of teeth occur.

Animal Feed Organic Trace Minerals Market Size Report, 2030

It is constituent of several enzymes like xanthine oxidase/dehydrogenase (XDH), a matello-flavoprotein plays a role in purine metabolism and important to poultry for uric acid production; act as co-factor for aldehyde oxidase (AO) and sulphite oxidase (SOX).

It is a primary component of Glucose Tolerance Factor (GTF) and Essential for muscle growth in pigs, larger litters in sows, also maintain the configuration of the RNA molecule. It reduces stress in cattle, improves immune status and milk yield; improves insulin or insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) sensitivity for target tissues; also reduces the incidence of metabolic disorders like milk fever in early lactation.

It is effective in the recovery of bovine spastic paresis (BSP), a disease of CNS; also used in the therapy of maniac depressive psychosis.

Macro & Micro Nutrition In Dairy Animals

It decreases the incidence of dental caries in pigs, rats and has a role in the regulation of Na-K-ATPase, phosphoryl transferase, adenylate cyclase and protein kinase (Nielsen, 1990).

It is essential for normal calcification of chick bone (Carlisle, 1970) and has a role in mucopolysaccharide synthesis and functions as biological crosslinking agent contributing to the structural integrity of connective tissue.

A study was conducted in Bharatpur, Rajasthan by M.R. Garg*, B.M. Bhanderi, and P.L. Sherasia (NDDB, Gujrat). The study indicated the following:

Maajee Animal Nutrition Feed Supplement Minerals Mixture

Thus it was concluded from the study that the feeds and fodders available in Bharatpur (Rajasthan) might not meet the requirements for Ca, P, Na, S, Zn, Cu, Co to sustain a milk production of 8 kg/day in buffalo. A study in Bikaner (Rajasthan) also indicated similar results.

There is no doubt that minerals play an important role in growth, production and reproduction of the animals. The earlier information of these minerals was based on analysis using less-sensitive methods, which may not be reliable. Further research is required to find out the minimum dietary level of mineral requirements, maximum tolerable levels, and the interrelationship between the minerals. There is also the need to evaluate the effects of different processing methods on the minerals content of water and plant foods. This will go in a long way in reducing the problem of malnutrition caused by the inadequate food supply, consumption of unbalanced diets and inadequate nutritional education.

Supplementation of minerals in organic livestock is most commonly occur through the purchased concentrate feed, mineral premixes, freeaccess mineral blocks, or rumen boluses (ruminants); there is also some use of trace elementinjections. Area specific chelated mineral mixture (Organic mineral supplements) should be used, which improves serumand tissue levels of micronutrients compared toinorganic sources by better absorption of otherminerals and by providing higher bioavailabilityof minerals. E.g., chelated Zn, Cu proteinate, Naselenite.It is suggested that minerals can be supplemented in combination of inorganic and organic sources at two-third (Livestock) and one-third (Poultry) levels of requirements, to obtain the maximum performance.

Concept Of Chelated Minerals In Animal Nutrition

Pashudhan praharee is the mouthpiece of Indian Dairy & Poultry industry, dedicated to the animal health care & livestock development.Our mission is to strengthen the animal husbandry practices in India and transfer the technologies from Lab to Land.

Pashudhan praharee is contents rich and information driven magazine with its unique style of presentation. The magazine provides comprehensive information on the market and industry, economic and policy issues, scientific advances, new livestock-input products, new technologies and latest news and analysis on the developments in animal husbandry.Minerals are inorganic substances that develop the mineral component of the body. Minerals are essential for the correct growth and the functioning of the body and are split into two different groups that are established on the amounts required by the animals body (Sandie. Agar, 2001). Usually the natural occurring mineral elements are located in the animal’s tissues and many are believed to be part of the animal’s food and might not have an essential function in the animal’s metabolism. If the mineral is not essential it is because it is only needed in the diet by a minute amount although it is still very important to prevent deficiencies (P. Wilson, et al, 2005). If there is too much of one micronutrient this excess amount will be passed to the kidneys by the blood for removal as urine and a small amount in sweat.

Macro (Major) minerals are required in greater amounts as they usually include; calcium, phosphorus, electrolytes, magnesium and is involved in nerve functions. For example; horses sweat and lose a lot of body salts therefore, after uncontrolled work they are given electrolytes typically in water (e.g. sodium, potassium, sulphur and chloride). Macro minerals maintain structural integrity, acid-base balance, transmembrane activity- the typical cellular function, muscle contraction and nerve conduction (Sandie Agar, 2001).

Cow Mineral Nutrition: Macro Minerals And Their Importance

Micro (Trace) minerals are only needed in small quantities- per million, some