Most Popular Animals 2019
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Researchers have identified the ten most charismatic animals worldwide, and all of them are endangered. And, paradoxically, popularity could be making their chances of survival even worse.
Previous studies have found that ‘charismatic megafauna’ such as lions, polar bears and other much-loved animals are not representative of wider biodiversity, and conservationists have argued that focus on popular animals takes away limited conservation funding from less popular species, or threatened ecosystems.
However, a study published in PLOS Biology has found that despite these animals’ ubiquitous presence in films, commercial and toys, their threat of extinction remains high, and there is a false public perception that these animals are not actually under threat.
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Franck Courchamp from the University of Paris Saclay, France and an international research team, used a variety of methods to first determine the most charismatic animals, including online surveys, school questionnaires, zoo websites and animated movies. The results ended up being ten “animals” comprising thirteen species of mammal, as elephants and gorillas are represented by three and two species, respectively.
With the exception of the gray wolf, all of these species are highly threatened in the wild, with greater declines in recent years. Most are large, mobile species who now occupy a fraction of their former distribution, and their trajectory looks grim without a massive conservation effort.
After identifying the top ten animals, the team conducted interviews to assess public perception of these animals and the perceived threat of endangerment. In both the general public and students at a French university, half of respondents incorrectly assessed the conservation status of the animals, assuming they were less endangered. Courchamp and his team hypothesised that by continuously seeing virtual representations of these species in movies, television and online, people may receive the impression that these animals have healthy populations in the wild.
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For example, the researchers showed that a French person will see on average more virtual lions (photos, cartoons, logos and brands) in a month than there are wild lions left in all of West Africa. “Unknowingly, companies using giraffes, cheetahs or polar bears for marketing purposes may be actively contributing to the false perception that these animals are not at risk of extinction, and therefore not in need of conservation, ” says Courchamp.
Earlier in 2018, researchers from the Neotropical Primate Conservation Trust carried out an analysis of movies and television from 1990 to present day and came to a similar conclusion: that the use of primates, especially capuchin monkeys, may be falsely reassuring the public that there are healthy populations of these species in the wild.
To counteract this unfortunate effect, the Courchamp suggests a scheme similar to trademarking or licensing whereby companies who use threatened animal representations in their branding pay a compulsory fee for that privilege. This fee would be paid to an institution representing the global public interest in preserving biodiversity, and help with the continued lack of funding faced by conservation bodies. The authors grant that this is a complex and challenging task, but are sure a multidisciplinary approach could overcome any hurdles.
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“Beyond being a conservation tragedy in its own right, the likely extinction of these species can also turn into a double penalty for conservation biology. Indeed, charismatic species remain one of the most efficient vehicles to motivate the general public to support conservation action, ” Courchamp added.As part of efforts to bring back nature into our cities, researchers are asking people across the globe about their favourite animals to determine which creature is ahead of the pack.
Using a photo-preference survey, researchers are seeking global insights to help determine which visual and social features make animals charismatic and likeable to humans.
This is not just a popularity contest, says chief investigator Dr Luis Mata from the Centre for Urban Research, who has been leading this project as part of his research for the Clean Air and Urban Landscapes Hub.
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“There is a worldwide enthusiasm for getting nature back into our urban areas, which has benefits both for humans and other species, ” Mata says.
To address this question, Mata and his team created a web-based Public Elicitation Platform, which hosts the Charismatic Species survey to collect research data from the public.
The photo-preference technique was inspired by the paper, Conservation inequality and the charismatic cat: Felis felicis, that used this approach to study mammal preference in the UK, USA, India, South Africa and Australia.
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“Interestingly, that study showed that, to a certain degree, Australians found local species more likeable than other more traditionally favourite megafauna, such as tigers and elephants, ” Mata says.
“By developing a survey that can potentially reach people in every country around the world, we want to see whether this pattern can be generalised to other regions.
“Using these data, we can then identify what people like about animals and use this knowledge to improve messaging and provide evidence to support decisions on the most appropriate species to target for conservation actions.”
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Although some protocols have been developed to identify charismatic mammals, Mata said no comprehensive protocol currently exists to determine the features that make other creatures such as birds, reptiles, frogs, insects and spiders attractive and likeable to people.
“We are hoping the survey data will also help us explore whether people prefer specific animal features and groups over others, for example mammals over birds, and whether people prefer animals that are biologically related to humans, such as apes, monkeys and lemurs, ” he says.
The findings, to be made available in 2020, will be essential for fine-tuning conservation actions to bring nature back into cities that are currently being developed by the Clean Air and Urban Landscapes Hub.
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New research into Melburnians’ connection to nature is helping the City of Melbourne understand how to engage its community members in conservation efforts.
Researchers in Europe, Australia and Latin America are combining social interactions with the colours, sounds and smells of the natural environment to improve mental health in at-risk communities.
Supported by Europe, the Edible Cities Network has announced the winners of its annual awards, featuring innovative and impactful urban agriculture projects from around the world.
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University acknowledges the people of the Woi wurrung and Boon wurrung language groups of the eastern Kulin Nation on whose unceded lands we conduct the business of the University. University respectfully acknowledges their Ancestors and Elders, past and present. also acknowledges the Traditional Custodians and their Ancestors of the lands and waters across Australia where we conduct our business - Artwork 'Luwaytini' by Mark Cleaver, Palawa.The most popular animal photo of the year shows 2 mice duking it out on a London Underground platform — here are 22 fantastic images from the contest
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Photographer Sam Rowley captured these two mice fighting for dinner on a London Subway platform. He called this photo Station Squabble. Sam Rowley / Wildlife Photographer of the Year
Each year, the Wildlife Photographer of the Year contest offers a peek into the lives of species around the world. It's developed and produced by the Natural History Museum in London, and awards photographers whose work inspires us to consider our place in the natural world and our responsibility to protect it.
This year, photographers from 100 countries submitted 48, 000 entries, and contest judges announced a group of winners in October. Then the public got to vote in the people's choice award contest.
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The public's favorite photo, taken by Sam Rowley, shows two mice fighting over scraps of food on a London Underground platform. The rodents' squabble only lasted a split second, Rowley said. Then one mouse grabbed the crumb and the subterranean denizens went their separate ways.
I hope it shows people the unexpected drama found in the most familiar of urban environments, he said in a press release.
The contest organizers curated a shortlist of front-runners for the people's choice award. Many of those images, including four highly commended runners-up, throw into sharp relief the relationships between creatures — mothers and cubs, predators and prey, people and animals. One photo captures a baby jaguar and its mother toting a large anaconda, while another shows a herd of camouflaged reindeer.
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Another highly commended image shows a jaguar cub helping its mother carry a giant anaconda out of the Três Irmãos river in Brazil.
Orangutans have been used in performances at Safari World in Bangkok (and many other locations) for decades, despite opposition from animal-rights advocates.
In 2004, the shows were temporarily halted due to international outcry. But today, they continue. Twice a day, hundreds of people pay to watch orangutans box, dance, and play the drums.
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An orphaned black rhino nuzzles Elias Mugambi, a ranger at Lewa
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