Animal Husbandry In Ghana
In Ghana, productivity in the livestock sector is low by international standards. Despite production being widespread, output of livestock is only about 8% of agricultural GDP compared to 75% in many countries1. The meat or carcass yield of local breeds of livestock is estimated at about 20% of that of exotic breed2. It is also estimated that the average production of milk from a cow in Ghana is 4 litres a day compared to a possible 30 litres a day internationally3. Furthermore, low productivity is also shown by the low off take for small ruminants (about 30%) and for cattle (only 11%)4. The reasons for the low productivity of livestock in northern Ghana includes: (i) use of low performing breeds: for example, for cattle, the West Africa Shorthorn (WASH) accounts for about half of the population and is low performing if compared to the Zebu (which is a fast grower) and Sanga (the crossed variety). (ii) Poor feeding techniques: cattle production is based on extensive grazing with open access to crop residue grazing after harvesting while small ruminants are often left to roam. (iii) Poor health of animals given that many smallholder farmers fail to vaccinate their animals and because they consider the cost to para veterinary and veterinary services to be excessive and (iv) poor housing and husbandry management. Meanwhile, livestock production, processing and marketing in northern Ghana offers rapid growth opportunities. Yet, very few livestock farmers are commercially oriented or apply innovative production methods in their production.
The proposed intervention contributes to achieving the global objective of PRIDEC/PACBAO, which is “to develop competitive, regional and inclusive livestock and meat value chains by enhancing West African pastoral and agropastoral livestock, integrating breeders into these value chains under income-generating conditions and meeting the meat demand of households in the region”. Thus, the proposed action will create a production system that links quality animal feed production (natural pasture, crop residue, agro-byproducts) with the nutrient requirements of livestock. The action will also coordinate a sustainable livestock value chain with producers, agro-industrialists, service providers, traders and distributors of quality slaughter animals using innovative production and marketing systems in the Bawku and Gushegu municipalities in the Upper East and Northern regions respective. The action will further improve the availability and access to quality feed and improved breeds of livestock that will result in “heavy” animals with quality meat to meet the meat demand of households. In addition, the effective coordination of the livestock value chain will facilitate gainful employment for young people and women in the Bawku and Gushegu municipalities in northern Ghana. Specifically, the action aims to achieving increased availability of and access to quality animal feed at lower cost, increase the productivity and profitability of livestock farmers, increase the supply of animals with high meat production potential and develop niche markets by producing heavy cattle, bulls and sheep for festive occasions
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Under the programme, poor households would be supported with goats and sheep to rear as an income generating activity to improve on their living conditions.
It is to empower the beneficiaries economically to offer better care to their families and dependents and help alleviate them from poverty.
The program, which, will run for three years, will be operational in five communities in five districts in Ghana and would be extended to neighbouring countries such as Burkina Faso and Cote d’Ivoire where similar vulnerable communities would benefit from the program.
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Already, Malian refugees living in Burkina Faso are benefiting from a similar facility where they are earning from rearing animals donated to them by the foundation.
At the launch of the programme in Bole on Tuesday, the Programme Manager of Foundation of America, Mr Habib Abubakar, named the beneficiary districts as Bole, Savelugu Nanton and Bindouri, all in the Northern Region; Builsa South in the Upper East and Daffiama Bussie Issa in the Upper West regions respectively.
He said the beneficiary households were selected using the Resiliency in Northern Ghana (RING-USAID) approach based on such criteria as poverty level, accessibility to water resources, household with children less than five years, women in reproductive age, distance from major market, nature of the dwelling place and the ability to provide three square meals a day.
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In all a total of 22 households would be selected from each community bringing the total number of the households that would benefit from the programme to 110.
“By estimation, if one ram is capable of crossing 21 ewe in a year, the returns from breeding in a year should be 84 lambs in one community in a district, ” he said.
He said the beneficiary households would be given training by veterinary officers on how to take proper care of the animals to ensure that they did not contract any disease.
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The District Chief Executive Officer of Bole, Mr James Jaaga, praised the foundation for its tremendous assistance to the people of the district.
He said the foundation has been instrumental in the provision of potable water, education materials and the provision of educational infrastructure and other supports all aimed at improving the living conditions of the people.
He said even though the government was doing its best to improve on the living the standard of the people, it would need the assistance from its development partners to ensure that everyone was covered.
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