Animal Attacks Reaction
These comments have been collated by the Science Media Centre to provide a variety of expert perspectives on this issue. Feel free to use these quotes in your stories. Views expressed are the personal opinions of the experts named. They do not represent the views of the SMC or any other organisation unless specifically stated.
Nasty dogs aren’t born that way, they are made. While we have obedience training for puppies, the owners of dogs would also benefit from training. Unfortunately, many dog owners haven’t had the opportunity to learn about dog behaviour and how to read the social signals of dogs before they become aggressive. Dogs are social animals as complex as a six-to-ten year old child. It is important to understand the individual likes and dislikes of our dogs and understand what is likely to trigger aggressive behaviour. Any trauma experienced in the dog’s life can have a similar effect as trauma in children. People often buy dogs because they want a cuddly 'toy' and then don’t know how to treat them or train them properly. It’s a big commitment to own a dog and the larger and/or stronger the dog is, the more important training becomes. One problem that we currently face is that some people train their dogs to be guard dogs and then leave them alone to guard property. This is a bad idea because training a dog to guard property often involves the owner giving up their own 'top dog' position in the hierarchy. When this happens, the dog’s behaviour can become unpredictable and may even result in the dog attacking people they know. Any dog or human can behave badly. Just like with humans, aggressive dogs can usually be rehabilitated. It is possible to help them rather than kill them.
Dr Jo Righetti is an animal behaviourist who conducts private consults with pet owners and also helps educate pet owners and pet professionals in councils, universities and media. She has written a book ‘Dog Aggression Problems Solved’ and has a website (www.petproblemsolved.com.au) addressing pet behaviour issues.
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Dog attacks are always frightening, worrying and sad for everyone involved. Dogs who attack (generally for reasons including fear, resource-guarding and predatory aggression), have often been communicating their intentions and discomfort for a long time before the incident. Humans are often unaware of their dog’s body language and behaviour. Learning about this, and correct socialisation processes when the dog is young may be the best methods of dog bite prevention.Owners need to manage their dog’s behaviour at all times and seek help before the situation becomes unmanageable. We should remember that there are so many dogs who give us comfort, support and loyalty and who choose not to bite.
Dr Susan Hazel is Senior Lecturer in Animal Behaviour, Welfare & Ethics in the School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences at The University of Adelaide.
Why do dogs attack children/people? There is no single reason. It may be because they are scared of something, or that their predator drive kicks in, or that the dog was playing and did not mean to bite. If something is bothering a dog, an attack is usually the last resort for the dog and they will try other things first to dampen down the situation. What can be done to prevent such attacks? There is no single intervention that will prevent all attacks. Education programs for young children and parents are important as young children are at higher risk of an attack. Appropriate socialisation and training of dogs is critically important. A lot of people don’t know how to recognise signs that a dog is stressed and may bite. Local councils do a lot of work in managing animals and regulations can help, e.g. managing dangerous dogs that have already attacked. Are our pet dogs being sufficiently trained and would better training prevent attacks like this? Reducing the use of training methods that cause stress to dogs will help as there have been studies showing an association between use of positive punishment such as yelling, hitting and electric shock collars, and aggression in dogs. Can further regulation of dog ownership help prevent such attacks on children? No - dogs are our most popular pet and provide many benefits to our society. Limiting dog ownership is not likely to help - education is key.
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Professor Paul McGreevy is a veterinary behaviourist in the Sydney School of Veterinary Science at The University of Sydney. He is also a member of the RSPCA’s Scientific Advisory Panel.
Why do dogs attack children/people? The main triggers are resource-guarding and fear. Why do some dogs attack people they know well? The same triggers arise among groups of dogs that are familiar with one another, so we should not expect to be spared just because we are known to the dogs or because we think we know them. Dogs are good at keeping the peace by issuing signs of their being upset by a potential threat (to themselves, their resources and their puppies) and other dogs are generally good at responding to behavioural signs that warn of aggression. Sadly, humans often miss these signs. What can be done to prevent such attacks? Children should not be left unsupervised with dogs; We must not treat dogs as if they are furry humans or playthings; Resources, such as bones and toys, should not be left lying around where children play; Children can be educated to avoid unwittingly challenging or threatening dogs; To avoid a build-up in frustration, dogs need to be exercised at least once per day, preferably off the leash if they can be under effective control. Are our pet dogs being sufficiently trained and would better training prevent attacks like this? Dogs can be trained to relinquish resources but this requires expert guidance. Can further regulation of dog ownership help prevent such attacks on children? Current evidence from overseas is that this would be unlikely to have the desired effect.Man is a wolf to man, wrote the English philosopher Thomas Hobbes. And given the atrocities we inflict on one another, that certainly can’t be dismissed. Yet many people have a particular fear of nonhuman predators such as wolves, bears or other large carnivores, even though the likelihood of falling victim to them is very low.
A group led by Giulia Bombieri of Trento, Italy’s MUSE Science Museumhas evaluated attacks on humans by various large predators around the globe in recent decades, investigating what might have triggered them and how many were fatal.Bombieri and her colleagues published their findings on January 31 in PLOS Biology.
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In total, the team compiled more than 5, 000 attacks during the past 70 years for which there was reasonably firm evidence. A total of 12 predator species were involved, including several bear species, wolves, coyotes, lions, tigers, leopards, jaguars and cougars (also known as pumas). The scientists also characterized the type of attack—whether it was a targeted attack made by animal hunting for food, an accidental encounter, the result of a mother defending her young or a reaction to the presence of dogs, for example.
Among the regions studied, South Asia proved to be the most dangerous, recording more than half the attacks. South America, on the other hand, had the lowest number of attacks even though it is home to two potentially dangerous cat species, the jaguar and the puma. Overall, the most deadly attacks occurred when these predators were seeking food: these cases resulted in more than 90 percent of the victims dying. South Asia had the highest number of attacks. In this region, tigers, wolves and leopards hunt humans extremely rarely, but they do prey on them when the opportunity presents itself. The Sundarbans mangroves of India and Bangladesh were a hotspot for tiger attacks on people fishing and gathering forest products.
Such unprovoked attacks take place more frequently in poorer countries, the study found. In highly developed countries, people encounter predators mainly during leisure activities: joggers awaken the hunting instinct in cougars, dog-walkers trigger territorial behavior in coyotes, and hikers accidentally get between mother bears and their offspring or surprise male bears as they roam the forest. Unwitting encounters are especially frequent with black bears and sloth bears in South Asia, whereas deliberate attacks by hungry bears are uncommon.
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Incidents in Europe also mostly involve bears—in this case, brown bears—while wolf attacks are extremely rare and mostly happen in scenarios involving dogs or wounded animals and in regions where both wolves and dogs are more common. The new study supports an earlier work showing that although predator attacks in North America and Europe have been steadily increasing, nearly half of such incidents were triggered by risky human behavior such as leaving children unattended, letting dogs run loose or tracking dangerous animals after shooting them. (That earlier research also noted that, on a worldwide basis, ungulates, bees, mosquitoes, spiders, snakes, dogs and even snails have accounted for far more human deaths than large carnivores.)
Bombieri and her colleagues point out that attacks in low-income regions—including the numerous incidents in South
In total, the team compiled more than 5, 000 attacks during the past 70 years for which there was reasonably firm evidence. A total of 12 predator species were involved, including several bear species, wolves, coyotes, lions, tigers, leopards, jaguars and cougars (also known as pumas). The scientists also characterized the type of attack—whether it was a targeted attack made by animal hunting for food, an accidental encounter, the result of a mother defending her young or a reaction to the presence of dogs, for example.
Among the regions studied, South Asia proved to be the most dangerous, recording more than half the attacks. South America, on the other hand, had the lowest number of attacks even though it is home to two potentially dangerous cat species, the jaguar and the puma. Overall, the most deadly attacks occurred when these predators were seeking food: these cases resulted in more than 90 percent of the victims dying. South Asia had the highest number of attacks. In this region, tigers, wolves and leopards hunt humans extremely rarely, but they do prey on them when the opportunity presents itself. The Sundarbans mangroves of India and Bangladesh were a hotspot for tiger attacks on people fishing and gathering forest products.
Such unprovoked attacks take place more frequently in poorer countries, the study found. In highly developed countries, people encounter predators mainly during leisure activities: joggers awaken the hunting instinct in cougars, dog-walkers trigger territorial behavior in coyotes, and hikers accidentally get between mother bears and their offspring or surprise male bears as they roam the forest. Unwitting encounters are especially frequent with black bears and sloth bears in South Asia, whereas deliberate attacks by hungry bears are uncommon.
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Incidents in Europe also mostly involve bears—in this case, brown bears—while wolf attacks are extremely rare and mostly happen in scenarios involving dogs or wounded animals and in regions where both wolves and dogs are more common. The new study supports an earlier work showing that although predator attacks in North America and Europe have been steadily increasing, nearly half of such incidents were triggered by risky human behavior such as leaving children unattended, letting dogs run loose or tracking dangerous animals after shooting them. (That earlier research also noted that, on a worldwide basis, ungulates, bees, mosquitoes, spiders, snakes, dogs and even snails have accounted for far more human deaths than large carnivores.)
Bombieri and her colleagues point out that attacks in low-income regions—including the numerous incidents in South
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