Brasil Animal Love
Occupying half of South America’s landmass, Brazil is the most biodiverse country in the world. It contains the world’s largest rainforest, the Amazon and the world’s largest tropical wetland, the Pantanal. Together with the last remnants of the Atlantic rainforest, these ecosystems are home to some extraordinary Brazilian animals.
In fact, the wildlife of Brazil is so rich and diverse that scientists are still discovering new species. Many Brazilian wildlife species are endemic to the country, meaning they do not occur anywhere else on earth. Curious which Brazilian animals are endemic to Brazil? Then check the FAQ below.
In Brazil, animals are as abundant as they are diverse. There are jaguars, tapirs, otters, monkeys, caimans, macaws, hummingbirds, anacondas, piranha and so much more. Read on to find out what animals you can spot on your travels in Brazil
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Brazil is probably best known for its incredible diversity of monkeys, but the national animal of Brazil is the magnificent jaguar. Brazil is the best place in the world to see these charismatic cats.
Brazil has one of the greatest variety of endemic species in the world. Endemic, means that the species does not occur anywhere else in the world. Among mammals, Brazil’s endemic species include maned sloth, Brazilian three-banded armadillo, hoary fox, bristle-spined porcupine, a number of bat and rodent species and of course many primates.
To get a sense of just how unique Brazilian wildlife is, here are some of the primates that occur only in Brazil: red-handed howling monkey, northern brown howling monkey, white-whiskered spider monkey, southern muriqui, northern muriqui, white-eared marmoset, buffy-headed marmoset, black-faced lion tamarin, golden-headed lion tamarin, black lion tamarin, golden lion tamarin, pied tamarin, Ka’apor capuchin, crested capuchin, yellow-breasted capuchin, Vanzolini’s squirrel monkey, white bald-headed uakari, Novaes’ bald-headed uakari, northern Bahian blond titi, Coimbra-Filho’s titi, Atlantic titi, bearded saki and Uta Hick’s bearded saki.
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Capybara is probably the most common animal in Brazil. The first capybara I saw in Brazil was grazing peacefully on the side of the road that runs from Sao Paulo airport to the city.
Brazil’s largest terrestrial predator and the country’s only big cat is the jaguar. There are also pumas living in Brazil, but technically, they belong to the small cat family.
That’s right, Brazil has its own ‘Big Five’. They are the giants of the Brazilian jungle: jaguar, Brazilian tapir, giant anteater, maned wolf and giant river otter.
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Here is a guide to 35 amazing Brazilian animals, including Brazil’s Big Five that you can encounter on your travels in Brazil, together with suggestions on the best places for spotting wildlife in Brazil.
Solitary and elusive, jaguars are the largest wild cats in the Americas and the third-largest big cats in the world (after tigers and lions). They have the most powerful bite among the big cats and can crush the skull of a fully-grown caiman.
The jaguars once ranged from the southern United States to northern Argentina. Today, they occupy only about 50 percent of their historic range and are listed as “Near Threatened” on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species.
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Currently, there are two strongholds for jaguars in Brazil. In the north of the country, the Amazon rainforest is home to the largest population of jaguars in the world. Further south, pretty much dab smack in the middle of the country, the Pantanal is home to the second-largest population.
So what is the best place in the world to see the national animal of Brazil in the wild? The Brazilian Pantanal. Unlike the Amazon, the Pantanal is an open landscape that presents the perfect stage for spotting some of the most iconic Brazilian wildlife. The network of streams and ox-bow lakes, upstream from the small fishing community of Porto Jofre (250 km from Cuiaba) is the best place for watching jaguars in the wild. Here is your best chance to see a ‘shadow’ of jaguars, which is a collective noun used for a group of jaguars
At about twice the size of a domestic cat, Ocelot is the largest small cat in the Americas. It has a similar distribution range to the jaguar, from Texas and Arizona all the way to northern Argentina.
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In the past, ocelots were heavily hunted for their beautiful coat, but today they are protected across most of their range. And while they are still threaded by the loss of habitat, ocelots are listed as “Least Concern” on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Curiously, ocelots, together with the other seven small spotted cats of South America, have 36 chromosomes rather than 38, like all other wild cats!
Spotting an ocelot in the wild is a challenging task unless you know where to look. The highest density of ocelots in the world is found on Barro Colorado Island in Panama. The island was formed during the creation of the Panama Channel. As the countryside flooded, the animals moved to higher ground and many become trapped on what is now Barro Colorado Island.
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However, the best place to see an ocelot in the wild is Fazenda San Francisco in Brazil’s southern Pantanal. The rice paddies of the fazenda attract a high number of rodents and the ocelots follow their prey.
On top of the rodents, the irrigation channels that bring water from the nearby river to the fields, are teeming with fish and other aquatic vertebrates. The ocelots have no shortage of food here and their relaxed attitude to safari vehicles allows for some close encounters (like the image above).
Of course, the southern Pantanal is not all about the ocelots. It is one of the best places to see a variety of Brazilian wildlife including jaguars, anteaters and an incredible abundance and diversity of birds.
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The second-largest cat in Brazil, after the jaguar, puma (a.k.a. cougar) is quite rare in the country. While puma has one of the widest distribution ranges among felids, it tends to occur at low density in most places. The Pantanal is, of course, the best place to try your luck at spotting a puma, particularly, Fazenda Barranco Alto in the southern Pantanal.
However, some of the most extraordinary images of a puma ever taken were snapped by a camera trap in Serra dos Órgãos National Park in 2013. In these images, a magnificent young male with a flawless white coat strides confidently past the camera. This was the first-ever confirmed case of a wild cougar with leucism – a genetic condition characterized by partial loss of pigmentation.
South America’s Maned wolf, is a wolf, like no other. Looking like a fox on stilts, it is neither a fox nor a wolf. It is the only canid (a member of the wild dog family) of its kind. This may mean that it is the only survivor of the Pleistocene extinction that wiped out the majority of the megafauna, including the Woolly mammoth.
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Having survived for a million years, it is now listed as “Near Threatened” on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and considered “Vulnerable” in Brazil.
The maned wolves are impressive-looking animals. They stand 90 centimetres tall at the shoulder, supported by exceptionally long legs, that are thought to have evolved for life in the tall grasslands – their preferred habitat.
So where can you see a wild maned wolf in Brazil? They are occasionally spotted on night safaris at Fazenda San Francisco in the Southern Pantanal, but sightings are rare and brief.
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For an almost guaranteed encounter, head to Santuário do Caraça in Minas Gerais. Thirty years ago, the monks at Caraça Monastery started leaving food scraps for a maned wolf that kept raiding their chicken pens. The tradition continued with future generations of wolves and today you can visit the monastery and watch a wild maned wolf come in for its evening meal.
Known through much of its range as the ‘river wolf’ the giant otter is one of South America’s top carnivores. Growing to up to 1.8 meters in length, it is the largest of the otter species.
Sadly, giant otters are also one of the most endangered animals in Brazil. Up until the 1970s, they were hunted for their valuable fur, and at present, they are threatened by habitat loss and pollution. Their habitat is being destroyed by mining, logging and damming of rivers.
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But if you do manage to find them in the wild, giant otters are one of the most entertaining Brazilian animals to watch. They live in social groups, composed of a breeding pair and their offspring that rest, play, fish and sleep together. They seem to exist in the constant state of motion of catching and eating fish.
The best place to see giant otters in the wild is the Brazilian Pantanal, on the banks of the Cuiaba River, around Porto Jofre. We spotted the group in the video above one late afternoon and spent a good half an hour watching their antiques.
By the way, did you know that the collective noun used for a group of otters is a raft? And a raft of otters is not even the strangest name. If you are curious, check out this list of some wonderfully
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