Collagen Without Animals
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Jellatech – which emerged from stealth mode in November 2020 – was founded in June 2020 by Danish entrepreneur Stephanie Michelsen (CEO - based in Raleigh, NC), and Kylie van Deinsen-Hesp (head of science - based in The Netherlands), who have not yet been able to meet in person thanks to COVID-19.
One of a new wave of startups in the cell-based (a.k.a. cell-cultured, cultivated) protein arena, Jellatech is growing animal and human cells that produce collagen – the most abundant protein in most animals – an approach its founders claim lacks some of the economic challenges associated with cell-based meat, and has some advantages over microbial fermentation.
, ” points out van Deinsen-Hesp, which to be commercially viable, requires the mass proliferation of cells, and a lot of (currently rather pricey) growth media. You then have additional challenges of trying to manage multiple cell types to create products with the taste and texture of meat (fat, muscle, connective tissue etc).
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At Jellatech, as with cell-cultured milk startups such as TurtleTree Labs and BIOMILQ, however, the cells are not themselves the product, but are instead
the product (ie. collagen), and can do so on a continuous basis, provided they are properly fed and kept happy, she claims.
But wouldn’t it be cheaper and more efficient to produce collagen via microbial fermentation (inserting DNA sequences into bacteria that instruct it to produce target proteins), an approach pioneered by San Leandro-based Geltor?
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[although Geltor's platform is capable of producing multiple collagen proteins with film forming and gelling properties, including gelatin, which has broad functionality; and Fibrogen demonstrated some years ago that you can produce collagen that is structurally and functionally equivalent to animal collagen via microbial fermentation].
“Why reinvent something when you can take something that already makes exactly what you want? With a cell-based approach we can really substitute animal-based collagen and create a truly functional animal-free collagen.”
Jellatech is working with cell lines (mostly fibroblasts) from a variety of species, says senior scientist Judit Hunyadkürti. Photograph by Jellatech, captured by Camilo F. Muñoz Segovia
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Right now, the company is in the R&D phase, but the plan is to get to a commercial grade product in 18 months, at which point Jellatech can get samples out to potential partners for testing.
As for the business model, it might make sense down the line to develop CPG products for the cosmetics market, but Jellatech is a b2b company, says Michelsen, who secured seed funding from Ryan Bethencourt’s micro venture capital fund Sustainable Food Ventures and Big Idea Ventures, and is currently raising additional funds.
While media coverage of Jellatech has focused on gelatin – a flavorless, colorless, gelling and thickening agent derived from collagen that dissolves in hot water and gels when it cools – the platform is capable of producing a variety of collagen proteins, says van Deinsen-Hesp.
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“We’ve spoken to a number of potential partners and they are mindblown by the idea that we can make collagen that has all of its functional properties, that doesn’t come from
From a regulatory perspective, Jellatech is consulting food law experts and Michelsen says it might not have to go through the same regulatory framework as cell-cultured meat (currently being developed with the FDA and the USDA) for its ingestible collagen, given that the animal cells are not the product, which means a GRAS determination might be appropriate if its products are identical to collagen products already in the market.
Right now, says Michelsen, it’s a case of spinning a lot of plates at once, with lots of things running in parallel, from regulatory conversations to fundraising, to cell line development, and bioreactor design and process optimization.
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“Kylie is working on developing our own cell lines that haven’t been continuously cultured before, and we’re looking at optimal bioreactor design, as we’re using adherent cell culture
Stephanie Michelsen (left) – a Dane who grew up in Sweden and the US - became fascinated by the alternative protein world after spending time in Silicon Valley while completing her Master’s degree in biotechnology, and had always dreamed of launching her own business. She reached out to Kylie van Deinsen-Hesp (right), a PhD student at Wageningen University in the Netherlands fascinated by “difficult-to-culture animal cells, ” in spring 2020, and Jellatech was born in June 2020. Photograph on right from Jellatech, captured by Camilo F. Muñoz Segovia
Sugar does more than provide sweetness. It is a foundational ingredient, contributing to texture, color, and mouthfeel while also providing the necessary...Plant-based products are all the rave right now. More and more plant-based foods, beauty supplements, and protein are on the shelves at your local supermarket. You might have seen plant-based collagen on the shelves at your local health food store. However, is it really collagen? Well, it depends.
Plant Based Collagen Vs Animal Based Collagen
Your body creates collagen daily. It combines amino acids from the high-protein food you eat, like cage-free chicken, grass-fed beef, and fatty fish, and turns them into collagen protein. It’s also found in animal bones and eggshell membranes. Still, some plants do contain the amino acids needed to create collagen. However, true collagen is not found in plants, and your body may have a more challenging time making collagen from plant-based collagen.
If this all sounds confusing to you, don’t worry! I will explain how your body builds collagen protein, what amino acids are needed to make collagen, why animal-based collagen is the best source, and why you need a collagen supplement. First, let’s talk more about whether or not plant-based collagen is really collagen.
Our ancestors relied on animal protein for survival. As humans, we’ve relied on animal protein throughout history. However, there are environmental factors that have not done our planet any favors. Industrial animal and fish farming, antibiotics and GMOs, and the prevalence of chronic illness have led many people to turn to a plant-based diet. This has increased the market for plant-based products, including plant-based collagen.
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At first glance, you might believe these plant-based collagen products are really collagen, and I’m here to tell you that’s not the case. Collagen protein contains 19 amino acids. However, the complete combination of amino acids needed to make collagen cannot be found in plants, such as animals.
Take, for example, “vegan” bone broth. Bone broth is made by boiling the bones of an animal, such as a cow or chicken. The bones’ vitamins, minerals, and amino acids get transferred into the broth. So, how do you make “vegan” bone broth without animal bones? You can’t. “Vegan” bone broth is made with ingredients that promote the production of the nutrients found in bone broth from animals. It’s the same process used to make plant-based collagen.
Instead of getting the collagen from animals or eggshells, plant-based collagen is typically composed of a lot of vitamin C. Vitamin C is an antioxidant that facilitates the natural production of collagen in your body. Unfortunately, as we get older, our bodies slow natural collagen production. I’ll talk more about that in just a minute. Moreover, many plant-based collagen builders rely on rice bran solubles, which can prevent the absorption of other amino acids needed to make collagen. Thus, you’re not getting what you pay for in a plant-based collagen product. To help you better understand why, let’s talk about how collagen is made.
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As I mentioned, collagen is the most abundant protein in the body. You can find collagen in your bones, skin, muscles, tendons, and cartilage.
Your body produces collagen naturally. However, at about age 35, your body’s collagen production begins to slow. By age 40, collagen begins to deplete faster than your body can produce. Moreover, over half of your body’s collagen has been depleted by age 60.
Since collagen is a protein, it is made from amino acids. The amino acids needed to make collagen are proline, glycine, and hydroxyproline, nonessential amino acids. Nonessential amino acids are ones your body produces on its own. Glycine is the primary amino acid in collagen production.
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Glycine is made by modifying the amino acids serine, hydroxyproline, and threonine. Threonine is an essential amino acid, meaning it can only be found in food. However, the best food sources for threonine include dairy and grains, two foods I suggest everyone remove from their diet because they cause inflammation.
These amino acids bond together to form protein in a triple helix structure. Your body needs optimal amounts of vitamin C, zinc, copper, and manganese to facilitate this process and give the triple helix its structure.
There are food sources for each of the amino acids needed to make collagen, including in plants. The issue is no one food source contains all three amino acids required to produce collagen. Let’s talk more about these food sources.
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Both animal and plant sources produce the amino acids needed to create collagen. However, plant-based collagen relies on your body’s ability to turn the amino acids into collagen and does not contain natural collagen. Whereas animal-based collagen is actual collagen that your body breaks down into amino acids during the digestive process by utilizing the digestive enzyme protease, sending them to the bloodstream, and rebuilding the collagen where it is needed.
While it may sound a
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