Animal Def
) refers to any of the eukaryotic multicellular organisms of the biological kingdom Animalia. Animals of this kingdom are generally characterized to be heterotrophic, motile, having specialized sensory organs, lacking a cell wall, and growing from a blastula during embryonic development.
Phylum Chordata is an example of a group of animal belonging to Kingdom Animalia. They include snakes, ravens, wolves, horses, dolphins, deer, and humans. Let’s discover more about this fascinating group: What is phylum chordata? Join our Forum now!
An animal pertains to any of the eukaryotic multicellular organisms that comprise the biological kingdom of Animalia. Animals possess several characteristics that set them apart from other forms of life. Some of their general characteristics are as follows:
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Most animals (at least 99%) have a bilaterally symmetric body plan. When the body is divided by a sagittal plane, the result is having two sides with roughly mirror images, at least morphologically. Most animals are sexually dimorphic,
Males and females exhibit different characteristics aside from the differences in their sex organs. For example, males are typically taller and bigger in size than females. In another example, the plumage of birds and the scales of fish are usually more vibrant or colorful in males than in females, which seem to be essential in attracting mates.
In general, animals have the following body systems (as mentioned previously) and each of these systems is made up of organs and tissues. The organs, in turn, are made up of tissues that carry out a particular function. The tissues consist of cells that perform various metabolic activities. There are two major types of cells: somatic cells and sex cells (
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. The different organelles are mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and peroxisomes. Plastids, which are abundant in a plant or an autotrophic cell, are not present in animal cells. The cell wall is also lacking. Thus, an animal cell in a hypotonic solution will swell and eventually burst (lyse) since it lacks the cell wall that prevents lysis during excessive osmosis. The nucleus contains chromosomes that can be classified into two types: autosomes and sex chromosomes.
The life cycles in the animal kingdom are diverse. For brevity, the four fundamental stages are infancy » young » adulthood » senescence. All animals undergo these stages in their life cycle. Most mammals have a life cycle that is simple and straightforward. Nevertheless, there are animals whose life cycles are rather complex. Amphibians, like frogs, undergo metamorphosis. Initially, tadpoles live underwater and breathe through the gills.
Over time, they grow into froglets, and soon into adults that live on land and breathe through the lungs. Another example is insects. A gravid female releases eggs. Larva (young) hatches from the egg and goes on to feed. Soon, the larva becomes a pupa, which in turn, metamorphoses into an adult capable of breeding. These animals go through radical transformations. The adult is morphologically far-off from the young.
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In animals, the major form of reproduction is by sexual means. Male and female sex cells unite to form a zygote that in time will grow into an animal of their kind. Most animals are
. This means that the progeny comes from the union of two sex cells and then grows possessing two sets of chromosomes – one from the male parent and the other from the female parent.
Sex determination is usually genetic. It can be identified based on chromosomal combinations. The different chromosomal systems that determine the sex of the animal are XY, ZW, XO, ZO, UV, and haplodiploidy. In most mammals (including humans), sex determination is based on the XY sex-determination system wherein a female has two X chromosomes and a male has one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.
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. However, asexual reproduction could become an evolutionary disadvantage as it could lead to decreased diversity in the gene pool and the prevalence of harmful
Animals are an important part of the ecological system. They form intricate food webs. They interact with other organisms and form various symbiotic relationships,
The animals in the wild help regulate biodiversity as they act as nature’s biological control agents as well as serve as an important source of nutrients for other species. Remains from dead animals serve as food for detritivores. Moreover, the decomposition of the dead animal body enables the return of elements and organic compounds to Earth. Thus, the extinction of an animal species has a major impact on the ecosystem.
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In 2011, the Census of Marine Life estimated that there could be around 8.74 million eukaryote species on Earth. Approximately, 7.77 million of them are animal species, and 953, 434 have already been described and cataloged.
Unfortunately, there are possibilities that some of the animal species could have become extinct even before they are fully identified and cataloged.
Thus, conservation efforts are being made globally to save the dwindling number of animals, especially those nearing extinction. The International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List of Threatened Species, a system of assessing the conservation status of species worldwide, utilized a system of labeling species based on extinction risk. Accordingly, animal species are categorized as:
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(last universal common ancestor), presumed to have emerged some 3.5 to 3.8 billion years ago. It is the hypothetical ancestor of all living things, including animals. Here’s a brief timeline of the evolution of animals is shown below:
In 1758, Carl Linnaeus created a biological classification system for animals. In 1874, Ernst Haeckel proposed to divide the animal kingdoms into two groups: the
Protozoa. Later, the protozoans were no longer considered animals and have been designated with their own biological kingdom. At present, the kingdom Animalia is comprised of the following extant phyla:
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Do you want to know what makes the chordates different from the rest of the animal groups? The answers are in this Forum: What is phylum chordata? Come join us to discover more!
Animals have long been a key player in the ecosystem and performing an essential role in the lives of other organisms whether from the same kingdom or not. For instance, the carbon dioxide that the animals breathe out is essential to plants and other autotrophs as it is a reactant in the early steps of photosynthesis.
Animals have also a great impact on the lives of humans. Besides as a source of meat, milk, and eggs, animals are also a source of materials (
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Guard dogs, rodent-hunting cats, and homing pigeons. Certain animals (e.g. fruit flies, mice, primates) are made to serve as animal models for scientific research.
Trivia: All vertebrates are chordates but not all chordates are vertebrates! Don’t miss out! Read more here: What is phylum chordata? Join us for more amazing biology facts!
. The topics are varied. Some of the areas of study are morphoanatomy, histology, physiology, ecology, evolution, taxonomy, and ethology. Specific groups of animals being studied also led to sub-disciplines such as entomology (the study of insects), herpetology (the study of amphibians and reptiles), ornithology (the study of birds), mammalogy (the study of mammals),
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Plant cells have plastids essential in photosynthesis. They also have an additional layer called cell wall on their cell exterior. Although animal cells lack these cell structures, both of them have nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, etc. Read this tutorial to learn plant cell structures and their roles in plants...
A running water environment offers numerous microhabitats for many types of animals. Similar to plants, animals in lotic communities have acquired evolutionary adaptations to better suit this running water environment. Know more about their evolutionary adaptations in this tutorial...
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Hormones are produced in the endocrine glands of animals. The pituitary gland and hypothalamus are the most important in regards to the regulation of growth and development. Know the different hormones of animals in this tutorial...Animal is a song recorded by glish rock band Def Leppard in 1987 from the album Hysteria. It was the first single release off the album, and became the band's first Top 10 hit in their native UK, reaching No. 6 on the UK Singles Chart.
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Animal is usually noted by the band as having be the most difficult track to record for Hysteria. It was one of the first songs developed in early 1984, but neither the band nor successive producers Jim Steinman, Nigel Gre and Robert John Mutt Lange were able to produce the desired sound until two and a half painstaking years later. It was the only Hysteria track demoed by Rick
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