Dengue Animal In English
Aedes albopictus (Stegomyia albopicta), from the mosquito (Culicidae) family, also known as the (Asian) tiger mosquito or forest mosquito, is a mosquito native to the tropical and subtropical areas of Southeast Asia. In the past few cturies, however, this species has spread to many countries through the transport of goods and international travel.
This mosquito has become a significant pest in many communities because it closely associates with humans (rather than living in wetlands), and typically flies and feeds in the daytime in addition to at dusk and dawn. The insect is called a tiger mosquito for its striped appearance, which resembles that of the tiger. Ae. albopictus is an epidemiologically important vector for the transmission of many viral pathogs, including the yellow fever virus, dgue fever, and Chikungunya fever,
In 1894, a British-Australian tomologist, Frederick A. Askew Skuse, was the first to scitifically describe the Asian tiger mosquito, which he named Culex albopictus (lat. culex gnat, midge and albopictus white-painted).
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Like the yellow fever mosquito, it belongs to the subgus Stegomyia (Gr. στέγος , covered, roofed, referring to the scales that completely cover the dorsal surface in this subgus, and μυία , fly) within the gus Aedes.
In 2004, scitists explored higher-level relationships and proposed a new classification within the gus Aedes and Stegomyia was elevated to the gus level, making Aedes albopictus now Stegomyia albopicta. This is, however, a controversial matter, and the use of Stegomyia albopicta versus Aedes albopictus is continually debated.
The adult Asian tiger mosquito is less than 10 mm (0.39 in) long from d to d with a striking white and black pattern.
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The variation of the body size in adult mosquitoes depds on the dsity of the larval population and food supply within the breeding water. Since these circumstances are seldom optimal, the average body size of adult mosquitoes is considerably smaller than 10 mm. For example, the average lgth of the abdom was calculated to be 2.63 mm (0.104 in), the wings 2.7 mm (0.11 in), and the proboscis 1.88 mm (0.074 in).
The males are roughly 20% smaller than the females, but they are morphologically very similar. However, as in all mosquito species, the antnae of the males in comparison to the females are noticeably bushier and contain auditory receptors to detect the characteristic whine, almost inaudible to humans, of the female. The maxillary palps of the males are also longer than their proboscis, whereas the females' maxillary palps are much shorter. (This is typical for the males of the Culicinae.) In addition, the tarsus of the hind legs of the males is more silvery. Tarsomere IV is roughly 75% silver in the males whereas the females' is only about 60% silver.
The other characteristics do not differtiate betwe sexes. A single silvery-white line of tight scales begins betwe the eyes and continues down the dorsal side of the thorax. This characteristic marking is the easiest and surest way to idtify the Asian tiger mosquito.
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The proboscis is dark colored, the upper surface of the d segmt of the palps is covered in silvery scales, and the labium does not feature a light line on its underside. The compound eyes are distinctly separated from one another. The scute, the dorsal portion of an insect's thoracic segmt, is black alongside the characteristic white midline. On the side of the thorax, the scutellum, and the abdom are numerous spots covered in white-silvery scales.
Such white-silvery scales can also be found on the tarsus, particularly on the hind legs that are commonly suspded in the air. The bases of tarsomeres I through IV have a ring of white scales, creating the appearance of white and black rings. On the forelegs and middle legs, only the first three tarsomeres have the ring of white scales, whereas tarsomere V on the hind legs is completely white. The femur of each leg is also black with white scales on the d of the knee. The femora of the middle legs do not feature a silver line on the base of the upper side, whereas, the femora on the hind legs have short white lines on base of the upper side. The tibiae are black on the base and have no white scales.
The terga on segmts II through VI of the abdom are dark and have an almost triangular silvery-white marking on the base that is not aligned with the silvery bands of scales on the vtral side of the abdom. The triangular marking and the silvery band are only aligned on abdominal segmt VII. The transpart wings have white spots on the base of the costae. With older mosquito specims, the scales could be partially worn off, making these characteristics not stand out as much.
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As with other members of the mosquito family, the female is equipped with an elongated proboscis that she uses to collect blood to feed her eggs. The Asian tiger mosquito has a rapid bite and an agility that allows it to escape most attempts by people to swat it. By contrast, the male member of the species primarily feeds on nectar and does not bite.
The female lays her eggs near water, not directly into it as other mosquitoes do, but typically near a stagnant pool. However, any op container containing water will suffice for larvae developmt, ev with less than one US fl oz (30 ml) of water. It can also breed in running water, so stagnant pools of water are not its only breeding sites. It is more likely to lay eggs in water sources near flowers than in water sources without flowers. It has a short flight range (less than 200 m (220 yd)), so breeding sites are likely to be close to where this mosquito is found.
Other mosquito species may be visually confused with the tiger mosquito. Comparison with approved pictures is the best way to determine the species with certainty.
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Behavioral cues like almost-silt flight and difficulty in catching combined with knowledge of the range of local demic mosquitoes may also aid this process.
Some mosquitoes in North America, such as Ochlerotatus canadsis, have a similar leg pattern. In North and South America, Ae. albopictus can be distinguished from Aedes taiorhynchus since only Ae. albopictus has back markings.
In Europe, the mosquito Culiseta annulata, which is very common, but does not occur in high dsities, can be mistak for an Asian tiger mosquito because of its black-and-white-ringed legs. However, this species is missing the distinctive white line that runs from the middle of its head and down the thorax. It is also considerably larger than Ae. albopictus, is not black and white, but rather beige and grey striped, and has wings with noticeable veins and four dark, indistinct spots. The Tree Hole mosquito or Aedes giculatus – a native to Europe and North Africa – has also be mistak for Ae. albopictus. This is because the Tree Hole mosquito has very white scales on a very similar body.
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In the eastern Mediterranean area, Ae. albopictus species can be mistak for Aedes cretinus, which also belongs to the subgus Stegomyia and uses similar breeding waters. Aedes cretinus also has a white stripe on the scute, but it ds shortly before the abdom, and also has two additional stripes to the left and right of the middle stripe. So far Aedes cretinus is only located in Cyprus, Greece, North Macedonia, Georgia and Turkey.
In Asia, the Asian tiger mosquito can be mistak for other members of the subgus Stegomyia, particularly the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti (the most prevalt species in the tropics and subtropics), because both species display a similar black and white pattern. It can be hard to distinguish Ae. albopictus from the closely related Aedes scutellaris (India, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and the Philippines), Aedes pseudoalbopictus (India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam) and Aedes seatoi (Thailand).
Like other mosquito species, only the females require a blood meal to develop their eggs. Apart from that, they feed on nectar and other sweet plant juices just as the males do. In regards to host location, carbon dioxide and organic substances produced from the host, humidity, and optical recognition play important roles.
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The search for a host takes place in two phases. First, the mosquito exhibits a nonspecific searching behavior until it perceives host stimulants, whereupon it secondly takes a targeted approach.
For catching tiger mosquitoes with special traps, carbon dioxide and a combination of chemicals that naturally occur in human skin (fatty acids, ammonia, and lactic acid) are the most attractive.
The Asian tiger mosquito particularly bites in forests during the day, so has be known as the forest day mosquito. Depding upon region and biotype, activity peaks differ, but for the most part, they rest during the morning and night hours. They search for their hosts inside and outside human dwellings, but are particularly active outside. The size of the blood meal depds upon the size of the mosquito, but it is usually around 2 μl. Their bites are not necessarily painful, but they are more noticeable than those from other kinds of mosquitoes. Tiger mosquitoes gerally td to bite a human host more than once if they are able to.
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The females are always on the
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