Svg.Css Animation Color
Animations make websites look more polished and exciting, and help improve user experience. Explore how the combined potential of SVG and CSS can be leveraged to create animations without relying on external libraries.
Authors are vetted experts in their fields and write on topics in which they have demonstrated experience. All of our content is peer reviewed and validated by experts in the same field.
Filip is a web developer with expertise in highly interactive front-end applications. He helped build data visualizations for several BI products while working for companies such as AlignAlytics and Captario.
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Animations are a ubiquitous part of the web. Unlike the flashing GIF images that plagued websites in the internet’s earlier days, today’s animations are more subtle and tasteful. Designers and front-end specialists use them to make websites look more polished, enhance the user experience, call attention to important elements, and convey information.
Web developers can benefit from combining the power of SVG and CSS to create animations without using external libraries. This SVG animation tutorial shows how to build custom animations for real-world projects.
Before using CSS to animate SVGs, developers need to understand how SVGs work internally. Fortunately, it’s similar to HTML: We define SVG elements with XML syntax and style them with CSS, just as if they were HTML.
Css & Svg Waves Animation
, which allows you to create animations using synchronized multimedia integration language (SMIL). However, its future is uncertain and the Chromium team recommends using a CSS- or JavaScript-based approach to animating SVGs whenever possible.
. Together, these specify how much of our SVG drawing we want the browser to render. That area will be scaled to fit the bounds of the
This allows us to draw images in isolation and be confident that all elements will be positioned correctly no matter the context or rendering size.
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While you can code SVG images by hand, more complex images may require a vector graphics program (our SVG animation tutorial demonstrates both techniques). My editor of choice is Affinity Designer, but any editor should provide enough functionality for the simple operations covered here.
CSS transitions allow us to define the rate and duration of property changes. Instead of jumping instantly from the starting value to the end value, the values transition smoothly as in this example in which the color of an SVG circle changes when you hover over it with a mouse:
Property, which accepts the name of the property that we want to transition, the duration of the transition, a transition timing function (also known as easing function), and the length of the delay before the effect begins:
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We can define transitions for multiple CSS properties, each of which can have separate transition values. However, there are two obvious limitations to this approach.
The first limitation is that transitions are triggered automatically when a property value changes. This is inconvenient in some use cases. For example, we can’t have an animation that loops infinitely.
The second limitation is that transitions always have two steps: the initial state and the final state. We can extend the duration of the animation, but we can’t add different keyframes.
Svg Animations · Github Topics · Github
This is why a more powerful concept exists: CSS animations. With CSS animations, we can have multiple keyframes and an infinite loop:
At-rule. The timing of keyframes is defined in relative units (percentages) because at this point, we haven’t yet defined the animation duration. Each keyframe describes the values of one or more CSS properties at that point in time. CSS animations will ensure smooth transitions between keyframes.
Now that we have a basic understanding of how animating SVGs works, we can start building a classic animation—a menu toggle that smoothly transitions between a “hamburger” icon and a close button (an “X”):
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This is a subtle but valuable animation. It attracts the user’s attention, informing them that the icon can be used to close the menu.
Represent the coordinates of the end of the line. We’ve used relative units to set positions. This is a simple way to ensure that image contents get resized to fit the containing SVG element. While this approach works in this case, there is one big drawback: We can’t maintain the aspect ratio of elements positioned this way. For that, we would have to use the
Note that we applied CSS classes to SVG elements. There are many properties that can be changed via CSS, so let’s apply some basic styling to our SVG elements.
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Element, as well as change the cursor type to indicate that it’s clickable. But to set the color and thickness of the lines, we’ll use the
If we render at this point, we’ll see that all three lines have the same size and position, overlapping each other completely. Unfortunately, we can’t change the starting and ending positions
CSS class applied to the SVG element to toggle between the two states. To make the result more accessible, let’s wrap our SVG in a
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From there, we can rotate the top bar 45 degrees clockwise around its center, and rotate the bottom bar 45 degrees counterclockwise. We can shrink the middle bar horizontally until it is narrow enough to be hidden behind the center of the X:
. This means that our bars will be rotated around the top-left corner of the viewport, but we want them to rotate around the center. To fix this, let’s set the
CSS property tells the browser to smoothly transition between two different states of CSS properties. Here we want to animate our changes to the
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As a final touch, we’ll convert the HTML body to a flex container, which will help us center the icon horizontally and vertically. We’ll also update the background color to a very dark gray and the icon color to white, to attain a sleek “dark mode” look and feel:
With that, we’ve built a fully functional animated button using some basic CSS and a short JavaScript snippet. It’s easy to change the transformations we’ve applied to make a variety of animations. Readers can simply fork the CodePen—which includes a bit of extra CSS for polish—and get creative.
Our hamburger menu is extremely simple. What if we want to make something more complex? That’s where coding SVG by hand becomes difficult and vector graphics editing software can help.
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Our second SVG animation is a mute button showing a headphones icon. When the music is active, the icon will pulsate and dance; when it’s muted, the icon will be crossed out:
Drawing icons would be outside of the scope of this tutorial (and probably your job description), so we are going to start with a pre-drawn SVG icon. We’ll also want the same
You might want to clean up the SVG code before working with it. You can do this with svgo, an open-source, Node.js-based SVG optimizer tool. This will remove unnecessary elements and make the code easier to edit by hand, which you will need to do in order to add classes and combine different elements.
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SVG icons created in image editing software are unlikely to use relative units. Additionally, we want to make sure that the icon’s aspect ratio is maintained, regardless of the aspect ratio of the SVG element containing it. To make this level of control possible, we will use the
The path element allows us to draw lines, curves, and arcs. Paths are described with a series of commands that describe how the shape should be drawn. As our icon consists of three unconnected shapes, we have three paths to describe them.
The g SVG element is a container used to group other SVG elements. We use it to apply the pulsating and dancing transformations on all three paths simultaneously, rather than animating SVG paths with CSS separately.
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In this case, our starting and ending keyframes (at 0% and 100% of the animation, respectively) use a slightly shrunken headphones icon. For the first 40% of the animation we grow the image slightly and tilt it 5 degrees. Then, for the next 40% of the animation, we scale it back down to 0.9x and rotate it 5 degrees to the other side. Finally, for the last 20% of the animation, the icon transformation returns to the same initial parameters in order to loop smoothly.
To show how keyframes work, we left our keyframe CSS more verbose than it needs to be. There are three ways we could shorten it.
Keyframes to match because we’re looping the animation. By defining them with the same CSS rule, we won’t have to remember to modify both of them if we want to change this shared point in the animation loop:
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Class, and when we do, we won’t need to define the starting and ending keyframes at all! They’ll default to the static style used by
As we want the icon to rotate around its center. We also scale it so that its size matches the initial animation keyframe. Without this step, switching from the static “muted” icon to the animated one will always result in a sudden jump in size. (Either way, switching back to muted will cause a jump in scale—and likely rotation too—if the user clicks while the scale is larger than 0.9x. We can’t do much about that
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